Constitutional Law I 

Robert N. Clinton

Assignment Sheet

Spring 2004

The assignments listed below will be covered in order and, hopefully, on the dates assigned. The assignment dates, however, are only approximate since the progress of the course depends in large part on the degree of class preparation and participation. Students will be responsible for the entire assignment sheet irrespective of class coverage.

No assignments are made in the assignment sheet below directly to the Stone casebook Supplement. The Supplement is keyed to the textbook pages and students are required to read the corresponding Supplement pages as well as the Stone casebook pages for each of the assignments. Students therefore should consult the Supplement regularly to assure that they have read all relevant assignments.

If you click on a linked assignments topic, it should take you to a section at the bottom of the page that contains other recommended readings. These recommended readings are for bibliographic background for students who are particularly interested in and desire to pursue advanced readings in a topic or, perhaps, are confused. They are not required parts of the course assignments.  The links to assigned materials should take you directly to those materials.  Please report any broken links immediately to the instructor.

Session(s)	Date	Topic	Materials	Location
I. Introduction: The Adoption of the Constitution
1	1/26/2004	Adoption of the Constitution: Historical Facts & Philosophies	Robert N. Clinton, A Brief History of the Adoption of the United States Constitution Stone Casebook Federalist No. 10	Website     lv-lxx,1-22   Website
II. The Federal Judicial Power: Origins & Limitations
2 & 3	1/28, 30/2004	A. The Federal Judiciary and The Institution of Judicial Review: Marbury v. Madison	Stone Casebook Section 13 of Judiciary Act of 1789 Federalist No. 78 Terry-Carpenter v. Las Vegas Paiute Tribal Council	22-45 Website Website Website
4	2/2/2004	B. The Federal Judiciary and The Institution of Judicial Review: Martin v. Hunter's Lessee	Stone Casebook Section 25 of Judiciary Act of 1789 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia	45-55 Website Website
5	2/4/2004	C. Congressional Power Over the Exercise of Federal Judicial Authority	Stone Casebook	72-85
6 & 7	2/8, 11/2004	D. Structural Limitations on the Exercise of Judicial Power	Stone Casebook	85-136
III. Federal Legislative Power
8	2/16/2004	A. An Analytical Introduction   B. The Commerce Clause: An Important Case Study 1. Early Commerce Decisions	Federal Nos. 45-46 Stone Casebook Stone Casebook	Website 55-72, 137-43 143-47, 151-161
9	2/18/2004	2. The Temporary Triumph of Legal Formalism	Stone Casebook	160-66, 147-49, 167-75
10-11	2/23, 25/2004	3. Legal Realism & Modern Commerce Doctrine	Stone Casebook	175-86, 148-51
12-14	2/26/2004, 3/1,3/2004	C. The Continuing Debate Over Judicial Enforceability of Federalism Limitations	Stone Casebook	186-203, 233-56
15	3/8/2004	D. The Eleventh Amendment, Federalism & Congressional Power	Stone Casebook Seminole Tribe v. Florida	230-31 Website
16	3/10/2004	[E. Other National Powers]	[Stone Casebook]	[203-220]
17	3/22/2003	F. Congressional Power and Civil Rights	The Civil Rights Cases Stone Casebook	Website 1513-14, 220-30, 231-33
IV. Executive Power and the Separation of Powers Doctrine: Further Studies in Structural Limitations on the Exercise of Federal Power
18	3/24/2004	A. The Federalist Approach to Separation of Powers	Federalist Nos. 47-48 Stone Casebook	Website 331-35
19	3/29/2004	B. Modern Approaches to the Scope of Executive Power	Stone Casebook	335-52
20-21	3/30/2004, 4/5/2004	C. The President's Relation to Other Branches of Government in Domestic Affairs	Clinton Articles of Impeachment Stone Casebook	Website 352-403
22	4/7/2004	D. The President's Relation to Other Branches of Government in Foreign Affairs	Stone Casebook	402-20
V. Federal-State Relations: Federalism as a Structural Limitation and Statutory Preemption
23-25	4/12, 14, 19/2004	A. Dormant Interstate Commerce Clause Effects on State Regulation & Taxation	Stone Casebook	257-322
26	4/26/2004	B. Dormant Foreign & Indian Commerce Clauses Effects on State Regulation & Taxation           C. Statutory Preemption of State Regulation & Taxation	Stone Casebook Japan Line, Ltd. v. County of Los Angeles Worcester v. Georgia Cotton Petroleum v. New Mexico  Review Seminole Tribe v. Florida   Stone Casebook	322-24 Website Website Website   Website     324-29
	To Be Announced	REVIEW SESSION BEFORE FINAL EXAMINATION

The following materials are not required readings for the course, but, rather, constitute recommended sources for further exploration a particular topic for any who are interested.

Section	Recommended Reading
I	Catherine Drinker Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia: A Story of the Constitutional Convention, May to September, 1787 Merrill Jensen, The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774-1781 (1970); Merrill Jensen, The New Nation (1950); Merrill Jensen, The Making of the American Constitution (1979); Gordon S. Wood, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787 (1969); Herbert J. Storing, What the Antifederalist Were For (191).
II(A)	Alexander Bickel, The Least Dangerous Branch (1965); John Hart Ely, Democracy and Distrust: A Theory of Judicial Review (1980); Bruce Ackerman, Discovering the Constitution, 93 Yale L. J. 1013 1023 (1984); Robert N. Clinton, Judges Must Make Law: A Realistic Appraisal of the Judicial Function in a Democratic Society 67 Iowa Law Review 711 (1982); Paul Brest, A Conscientious Legislator's Guide to Constitutional Interpretation, 27 Stan. L. Rev. 585 (1975); Robert N. Clinton, Original Understanding, Legal Realism, and the Interpretation of "This Constitution," 72 Iowa Law Review 1177-1279 (1987); David Currie, The Constitution in the Supreme Court: The Powers of the Federal Courts, 1801-1835, 49 U. Chi. L. Rev. 646 (1982); Felix Frankfurter, John Marshall and the Judicial Function, 69 Harv. L. Rev. 217 (1955); James Thayer, The Origin and Scope of the American Doctrine of Constitutional Law, 7 Harv. L. Rev. 129 (1893); William W. Van Alstyne, A Critical Guide to Marbury v. Madison, 1969 Duke L. Rev. 1; Herbert Wechsler, Toward Neutral Principles of Constitutional Law, 73 Harv. L. Rev. 1 (1959)
II(C)	Akil Amar, A Neo-Federalist View of Article III: Separating the Two Tiers of Federal Jurisdiction, 65 Boston U. L. Rev. 205 (1985); Paul Bator, Congressional Power over the Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts, 27 Vill. L. Rev. 1030 (1982); Calabresi & Rhodes, The Structural Constitution: Unitary Executive, Plural Judiciary, 105 Harv. L. Rev. 1153 (1992); Robert N. Clinton, A Mandatory View of Federal Jurisdiction: A Guided Quest for the Original Understanding of Article III, 132 U. Pa. L. Rev. 741 (1984); Robert N. Clinton, A Mandatory View of Federal Jurisdiction: Early Implementation of and Departures from the Constitutional Plan, 86 Columbia Law Review 1515-1621 (1986); Henry Hart, The Power of Congress to Limit the Jurisdiction of Federal Courts: An Exercise in Dialectic, 66 Harv. L. Rev. 1362 (1953); Martin Redish, Constitutional Limitations on Congressional Power to Control Federal Jurisdiction, 77 N.W. L. Rev. 143 (1982); Ratner, Congressional Power over the Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, 109 U. Pa. L. Rev. 157 (1960); Sager, Foreword: Constitutional Limitations on Congress= Authority to Regulate the Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts, 95 Harv. L. Rev. 17 (1981); Herbert Wechsler, The Constitution and the Courts, 65 Colum. L. Rev. 1001 (1963); William W. Van Alstyne, A Critical Guide to Ex Parte McCardle, 15 Ariz. L. Rev. 229 (1973).
II(C)&(D)	Lea Brilmayer, The Jurisprudence of Article III: Perspectives on the "Case or Controversy" Requirement, 93 Harv. L. Rev. 297 (1979); Field, The Advisory Opinion -- An Analysis, 24 Ind, L. J. 203 (1949); Robert L. Fletcher, The Structure of Standing, 98 Yale L. J. 221 (1988); Gerald Gunther, The Subtle Vices of the Passive Virtues, 64 Colum. L. Rev. 1 (1964); Louis Henkin, Is There a Political Question Doctrine?, 85 Yale. L J. 597 (1976); Gene Nichol, Causation as a Standing Requirement: The Unprincipled Use of Judicial Restraint, 69 Ky. L. Rev. 185 (1980-81); Henry Monaghan, Constitutional Adjudication: The Who and When, 82 Yale L. J. 1363 (1973); Gene Nichol, Abusing Standing: A Comment on Allen v. Wright, 133 U. Pa. L. Rev. 635 (1984); James O'Fallon, Of Justiciability, Remedies, and Public Law Litigations: Notes on the Jurisprudence of Lyons, 59 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1 (1984); Robert Sedler, Standing to Assert Constitutional Jus Tertii in the Supreme Court, 71 Yale L. J. 599 (1962); Antonin Scalia, The Doctrine of Standing as an Essential Element of the Separation of Powers, 17 Suffolk U. L. Rev. 881 (1983); Cass Sunstein, Standing and the Privatization of Public Law, 88 Colum. L. Rev. 1432 (1988); Mark Tushnet, The New Law of Standing: A Plea for Abandonment, 62 Cornell L. Rev. 663 (1977); Note, The Mootness Doctrine in the Supreme Court, 88 Harv. L. Rev. 373 (1974).
III(A)	Jesse Choper, Judicial Review and the National Political Process 171-259 (1980); John Marshall's Defense of McCulloch v. Maryland (Gerald Gunther ed. 1969); Paul Brest, Palmer v. Thompson: An Approach to the Problem of Unconstitutional Legislative Motive, 1971 Sup. Ct. Rev. 95; John H. Ely, Legislative and Administrative Motivation in Constitutional Law, 79 Yale L. J. 1205 (1970); Plous & Baker, McCulloch v. Maryland: Right Principle, Wrong Case, 9 Stan. L. Rev. 710 (1957); Herbert Wechsler, Principles, Politics, and Fundamental Law 49-82 (1961, first published in 1954); Garry Wills, Explaining America: The Federalist (1981); Rose-Ackerman, Risk Taking and Reelection: Does Federalism Promote Innovation?, 9 J. Legal Stud. 593 (1980);
III(B)(1)	Daniel A. Farber and Philip P. Frickey, The Jurisprudence of Public Choice, 65 Tex. L. Rev. 873 (1987); Lawrence Berger and S. Rayan Johansson, Child Health in the Workplace: The Supreme Court in Hammer v. Dagenhart, 5 J. Health Politics, Policy and Law 81 (1980); Richard E. Levy, Escaping Lochner's Shadow: Toward a Coherent Jurisprudence of Economic Rights, 73 N.C. L. Rev. 329 (1995); Barry Cushman, A Stream of Legal Consciousness: The Current of Commerce Doctrine From Swift to Jones and Laughlin, 61 Fordham L. Rev. 105 (1992); Thurlow Gordon, The Child Labor Law Case, 32 Harv. L. Rev. 45 (1918); William Carey Jones, The Child Labor Decision, 6 Calif. L. Rev. (1918); William Sutherland, The Child Labor Cases and the Constitution, 8 Cornell L.Q. 338 (1923). Cushman, The National Police Power Under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution, 3 Minn. L. Rev. 289 (1919)
III(B)(2)	Robert Jackson, The Struggle for Judicial Supremacy (1941); Leonard Baker, Back to Back -- The Duel Between FDR and the Supreme Court (1967); Peter Irons, The New Deal Lawyers (1982); David P. Currie, The Constitution in the Supreme Court: The New Deal, 1931-1940, 54 U. Chi. L. Rev. 504 (1987); Michael E. Parrish, New Deal Symposium: The Great Depression, the New Deal, and the American Legal Order, 59 Wash. L. Rev. 723 (1984) Leuchtenburg, The Origins of Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Court-Packing Plan." 1966 Sup. Ct. Rev. 347; Stern, The Commerce Clause and the National Economy, 1933-1946, 59 Harv. L. Rev. 645 (1946).
III(C)	Richard Epstein, The Proper Scope of the Commerce Power, 73 Va. L. Rev. 1387 (1987); Paul Brest, The Conscientious Legislator's Guide to Constitutional Interpretation, 27 Stan. L. Rev. 585 (1975); William N. Eskridge, and John Ferejohn, The Elastic Commerce Clause: A Political Theory of American Federalism, 47 Vand. L. Rev. 1355 (1994).
III(D)	Barber, National League of Cities v. Usery: New Meaning for the Tenth Amendment, 1976 Sup. Ct. Rev. 161; Phil Frickey, A Further Comment on Stare Decisis and the Overruling of National League of Cities, 2 Constitutional Commentary 341 (1985); Robert Nagel, Federalism as a Fundamental Value: National League of Cities in Perspective, 1981 Sup. Ct. Rev. 81; Andrzej Rapaczynski, From Sovereignty to Process: The Jurisprudence of Federalism after Garcia, 1985 Sup. Ct. Rev. 341; Mark Tushnet, Why the Supreme Court Overruled National League of Cities, 47 Vand. L. Rev. 1623 (1994); Philip Frickey, Lawnet: The Case of the Missing (Tenth) Amendment, 75 Minn. L. Rev. 755 (1991); Martha Field, Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority: The Demise of a Misguided Doctrine, 99 Harv. L. Rev. 84 (1985); Carol Lee, The Political Safeguards of Federalism: Congressional Responses to Supreme Court Decisions on State and Local Liability, 20 Urb. Law 301 (1988); Bernard Schwartz, National League of Cities Again: R.I.P. or a Ghost That Still Walks?, 54 Ford. L. Rev. 141 (1985); William Van Alstyne, The Second Death of Federalism, 83 Mich. L. Rev. 1709 (1985).
III(F)	Charles Black, Foreword: State Action, Equal Protection, and California's Proposition 14, 81 Harv. L. Rev. 69 (1967); Robert Glennon and John Nowak, A Functional Analysis of the Fourteenth Amendment A State Action Requirement, 1976 Sup. Ct. Rev. 221; Mark Tushnet, Shelly v. Kraemer and Theories of Equality, 33 N.Y. L. Sch. L. Rev. 383 (1988); Stephen Ross, Legislative Enforcement of Equal Protection, 72 Minn. L. Rev. 311 (1987); Matt Pawa, Comment, When the Supreme Court Restricts Constitutional Rights, Can Congress Save Us? An Examination of Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment, 141 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1029 (1993); Stephen L. Carter, The Morgan Power and the Forced Reconsideration of Constitutional Decisions, 53 U. Chi L. Rev. 819 (1986); Jesse Choper, Congressional Power to Expand Judicial Definitions of the Substantive Terms of the Civil War Amendments, 67 Minn. L. Rev. 299 (1982).
IV(A)	Paul Verkuil, Separation of Powers, The Rule of Law, and the Idea of Independence, 30 Wm. and Mary L. Rev. 301 (1989); Suzanna Sherry, Separation of Powers: Asking a Different Question, 30 Wm. and Mary L. Rev. 287 (1989); Miller, An Inquiry into the Relevance of the Intentions of the Founding Fathers, with Special Emphasis upon the Doctrine of Separation of Powers, 27 Ark. L. Rev. 583 (1973); Gerhard Casper, An Essay in Separation of Powers: Some Early Versions and Practices, 30 Wm. and Mary L. Rev. 211 (1989); Russel Osgood, Early Versions and Practices of Separation of Powers: A Comment, 30 Wm. and Mary L. Rev. 279 (1989).
IV(B)	Raoul Berger, Executive Privilege: A Constitutional Myth (1974); Alan Westin, The Anatomy of a Constitutional Case (1958); Ralph Abascal and John Kramer, Presidential Impoundment (Part I: Historical Genesis and Constitutional Framework, 62 Geo. L.J. 1549 (1974); Edwin Corwin, The Steel Seizure Case: A Judicial Brick Without Straw, 53 Colum. L. Rev. 53 (1953); Paul Kauper, The Steel Seizure Case: Congress, the President and the Supreme Court, 51 Mich. L. Rev. 141 (1952); Harold A. Koh, The National Security Constitution: Sharing Power after the Iran-Contra Affair 139-40 (1990); Maeva Marcus, Separation of Powers in the Early National Period, 30 Wm. and Mary L. Rev. 269 (1989); Maeva Marcus, Truman and the Steel Seizure Case: The Limits of Presidential Power (1977); Lee Marks and John C. Grabow, The President's Foreign Economic Powers After Dames and Moore v. Regan: Legislation by Acquiescence, 68 Cornell l. Rev. 68 (1982); Abner Mikva and Michael Hertz, Impoundment of Funds: The Courts, the Congress, and the President: A Constitutional Triangle, 69 Nw. L. Rev. 335 (1974); Miller, Dames and Moore v. Regan: A Political Decision by a Political Court, 29 U.C.L.A. L. Rev. 1104 (1982); William H. Rehnquist, Robert H. Jackson: A Perspective Twenty-Five Years Later, 44 Albany L. Rev. 533 (1980); Peter Shane, Legal Disagreement and Negotiation in a Government of Laws: The Case of Executive Privilege Claims Against Congress, 71 Minn. L. Rev. 461 (1987).
IV(C)	Martin Redish, The Constitution as Political Structure (1991); Rebecca Brown, Separated Powers and Ordered Liberty, 139 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1513 (1991); Stephen Carter, From Sick Chicken to Synar: The Evolution and Subsequent De-Evolution of the Separation of Powers, 1987 B.Y.U. L. Rev. 719; Kenneth C. Davis, A New Approach to Delegation, 36 U. Chi. L. Rev. 713 (1969); Javits and Klein, Congressional Oversight and the Legislative Veto: A Constitutional Analysis, 52 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 455 (1977); L. Harold Levinson, Legislative and Executive Veto of Rules of Administrative Agencies: Models and Alternatives, 24 Wm. and Mary L. Rev. 79 (1982); Lee Liberman, Morrison v. Olson: A Formalistic Perspective on Why the Court Was Wrong, 38 Am. U. L. Rev. 313 (1989); Richard Pierce, Morrison v. Olson, Separation of Powers, and the Structure of Government, 1988 Sup. Ct. Rev. 1; Martin Redish and Elizabeth Cisar, If Angels Were to Govern: The Need for Pragmatic Formalism in Separation of Powers Theory, 41 Duke L. J. 449 (1991); Richard Stewart, The Reformation of American Administrative Law, 88 Harv. L. Rev. 1667 (1975); Peter Strauss, Formal and Functional Approaches to Separation of Powers Questions: A Foolish Inconsistency?, 72 Cornell L. Rev. 488 (1987); Laurence Tribe, The Legislative Veto Decision: a Law by Any Other Name?, 21 Harv. J. Legis. 7 (1984).
IV(A)	Martin Redish and Shane Nugent, The Dormant Commerce Clause and the Constitutional Balance of Federalism, 1987 Duke L.J. 569; Mark Tushnet, Rethinking the Dormant Commerce Clause, 1979 Wis. L. Rev. 125; Daniel A. Farber, State Regulation and the Dormant Commerce Clause, 3 Const. Comm. 395 (1986); Julian Eule, Laying the Dormant Commerce Clause to Rest, 91 Yale L.J. 425 (1982); Henry Monaghan, The Supreme Court, 1974 Term: Foreword: Constitutional Common Law, 89 Harv. L. Rev.1 (1975); Donald Regan, The Supreme Court and State Protectionism: Making Sense of the Dormant Commerce Clause, 84 Mich. L. Rev. 1091 (1986); Dan Coenen, Untangling the Market-Participant Exemption to the Dormant Commerce Clause, 88 Mich. L. Rev. 395 (1989); David Pomper, Recycling Philadelphia v. New Jersey: The Dormant Commerce Clause, Postindustrial Natural Resources, and the Solid Waste Crisis, 137 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1309 (1989).